This is a rhythm problem with the heart where there is an interruption of the normal electrical pathway between the atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart.
Heart block happens when there is a delay or blockage of the electrical signals between the atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers). This results in slow or intermittent contraction of the ventricles, which is needed to maintain blood pressure and stop dizziness or collapses.
There are different severities of heart block. Some need no treatment, whilst some need urgent pacemaker implantation. Your doctor will review your electrocardiogram and rhythm monitoring (such as 24-hour ECG) to help decide what is required.
Severe heart block can cause symptoms of dizziness or collapses. Sometimes it can cause tiredness or breathlessness and reduce the ability to exercise. The symptoms may be intermittent.
Heart block can also be asymptomatic, but it is still important to reach a diagnosis because there are some types of heart block which should still be treated with a pacemaker even if there are no symptoms.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) during symptoms is the key test and this may identify heart block and if present the severity. If your symptoms are intermittent, then a 24-hour ECG may be useful. You will also need routine blood tests including electrolytes (salts in the blood) and thyroid function.
If there is evidence of heart block, an echocardiogram (ultrasound) may be useful as the heart function may alter the type of pacemaker that is inserted. You may also need an exercise tolerance test (treadmill) to see if your heart rate responds to exercise. If you have heart block at a young age then a Cardiac MRI may be recommended to look for any inflammatory causes.
Some types of heart block require no treatment or monitoring. There are other types of heart block which may require regular reassessment but no treatment unless symptoms develop or the heart block progresses. Sometimes heart block can occur because of treatment with medications that slow the heart. In this case the first step is often the reduce or withdraw the medication.
In cases of advanced heart block, a pacemaker may be recommended.
Heart block is a common condition which requires careful evaluation to ensure the best treatment. Our expert Consultant Cardiologists are fully trained in evaluating patients with heart block and are available for consultation on any day of the week and weekends as well.
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